QuestionQuestion 1. Question : Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother:Is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negativeIs Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positiveHas type A blood and the fetus has type OHas type AB blood and the fetus has type BQuestion 2. Question : Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication?Retropharyngeal abscessLaryngospasmsRupturing of the tonsilsGagging induced aspirationQuestion 3. Question : If the sinoatrial (SA) node fails, then at what rate (depolarizations per minute) can the atrioventricular (AV) node depolarize?60 to 7040 to 6030 to 4010 to 20Question 4. Question : What is the ratio of coronary capillaries to cardiac muscle cells?1:1 (one capillary per one muscle cell)1:2 (one capillary per two muscle cells)1:4 (one capillary per four muscle cells)1:10 (one capillary per ten muscle cells)Question 5. Question : Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?IL–D1 and IL-6IL-2 and TNF-IFN and IL-12TNF-ß and IL-4Question 6. Question : What process allows the kidney to respond to an increase in workload?Glomerular filtrationSecretion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3Increased heart rateCompensatory hypertrophyQuestion 7. Question : Which type of antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction?IgAIgEIgGIgMQuestion 8. Question : Causes of hyperkalemia include:Hyperparathyroidism and malnutritionVomiting and diarrheaRenal failure and Addison diseaseHyperaldosteronism and Cushing diseaseQuestion 9. Question : What is the first stage in the infectious process?InvasionColonizationSpreadMultiplicationQuestion 10. Question : Which statement is true concerning the IgM?IgM is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen.IgM mediates many common allergic responses.IgM is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins.IgM is capable of crossing the human placenta.Question 11. Question : An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?Atrial septal defect (ASD)Ventricular septal defect (VSD)Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defectQuestion 12. Question : What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?Low birth weightAlcohol consumption during pregnancyPremature birthSmoking during pregnancyQuestion 13. Question : Which cardiac chamber has the thinnest wall and why?The right and left atria; they are low-pressure chambers that serve as storage units and conduits for blood.The right and left atria; they are not directly involved in the preload, contractility, or afterload of the heart.The left ventricle; the mean pressure of blood coming into this ventricle is from the lung, which has a low pressure.The right ventricle; it pumps blood into the pulmonary capillaries, which have a lower pressure compared with the systemic circulation.Question 14. Question : What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone?Sodium retentionSodium excretionWater retentionWater excretionQuestion 15. Question : What is the primary site for uncomplicated local gonococci infections in men?EpididymisLymph nodesUrethraProstateQuestion 16. Question : Which statement concerning benign tumors is true?The resulting pain is severe.Benign tumors are not encapsulated.Benign tumors are fast growing.The cells are well-differentiated.Question 17. Question : Which of the following is classified as a megaloblastic anemia?Iron deficiencyPerniciousSideroblasticHemolyticQuestion 18. Question : Apoptosis is a(an):Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessiveAntigrowth signal activated by the tumor-suppressor gene RbMutation of cell growth stimulated by the TP53 geneTransformation of cells from dysplasia to anaplasiaQuestion 19. Question : What is the functional unit of the kidney called?GlomerulusNephronCollecting ductPyramidQuestion 20. Question : Which hepatitis virus is known to be sexually transmitted?ABCDQuestion 21. Question : The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor?Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillariesDiffusion rate in the renal cortexDiffusion rate in the renal medullaGlomerular active transportQuestion 22. Question : Decreased lung compliance means that the lungs are demonstrating which characteristic?Difficult deflationEasy inflationStiffnessInability to diffuse oxygenQuestion 23. Question : What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia (IDA)?Decreased dietary intakeChronic blood lossVitamin deficiencyAutoimmune diseaseQuestion 24. Question : Which drug may be prescribed orally for outbreak management of herpes simplex viral (HSV) infections?Acyclovir (Zovirax)5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)Zidovudine (AZT) (Retrovir)Bichloroacetic acid (BCA)Question 25. Question : In a normal, nonmutant state, an oncogene is referred to as a:Basal cellTarget cellCaretaker geneProto-oncogeneQuestion 26. Question : What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?Immature immune systemSmall alveoliSurfactant deficiencyAnemiaQuestion 27. Question : Fetal hematopoiesis occurs in which structure?GutSpleenBone marrowThymusQuestion 28. Question : Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B- and T-cell function?IronZincIodineMagnesiumQuestion 29. Question : Phagocytosis involves neutrophils actively attacking, engulfing, and destroying which microorganisms?BacteriaFungiVirusesYeastsQuestion 30. Question : Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys?Antidiuretic hormoneAldosteroneErythropoietinAngiotensinogenQuestion 31. Question : Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and Down syndrome?Coarctation of the aorta (COA) and pulmonary stenosis (PS)Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosusAtrial septal defect (ASD) and dextrocardiaVentricular septal defect (VSD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)Question 32. Question : Which laboratory test is considered adequate for an accurate and reliable diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in a symptomatic man?Ligase chain reaction (LCR)Gram-stain techniquePolymerase chain reaction (PCR)DNA testingQuestion 33. Question : During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?NeutrophilsMonocytesEosinophilsT lymphocytesQuestion 34. Question : What is the life span of platelets (in days)?103090120Question 35. Question : What is the role of caretaker genes?Maintenance of genomic integrityProliferation of cancer cellsSecretion of growth factorsRestoration of normal tissue structureQuestion 36. Question : Which blood cell type is elevated at birth but decreases to adult levels during the first year of life?MonocytesPlateletsNeutrophilsLymphocytesQuestion 37. Question : Which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs?PerfusionVentilationRespirationDiffusionQuestion 38. Question : In which primary immune deficiency is there a partial-to-complete absence of T-cell immunity?Bruton diseaseDiGeorge syndromeReticular dysgenesisAdenosine deaminase deficiencyQuestion 39. Question : Which substance has been shown to increase the risk of cancer when used in combination with tobacco smoking?AlcoholSteroidsAntihistaminesAntidepressantsQuestion 40. Question : Which statement concerning exotoxins is true?Exotoxins are contained in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria.Exotoxins are released during the lysis of bacteria.Exotoxins are able to initiate the complement and coagulation cascades.Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.Question 41. Question : Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen?Passive-acquired immunityActive-acquired immunityPassive-innate immunityActive-innate immunityQuestion 42. Question : Research supports the premise that exercise has a probable impact on reducing the risk of which cancer?LiverEndometrialStomachColonQuestion 43. Question : What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion?Macula densaVisceral epitheliumJuxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)Filtration slitsQuestion 44. Question : What is the fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia?HypotensionHyperesthesiaHypoxiaIschemiaQuestion 45. Question : Between which months of age does sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) most often occur?0 and 12 and 45 and 66 and 7Question 46. Question : What is the purpose of the spirometry measurement?To evaluate the cause of hypoxiaTo measure the volume and flow rate during forced expirationTo measures the gas diffusion rate at the alveolocapillary membraneTo determine pH and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrationsQuestion 47. Question : Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes?Cells have broken through the local basement membrane.Cells have invaded immediate surrounding tissue.Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells.Cellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia.Question 48. Question : The drug heparin acts in hemostasis by which processes?Inhibiting thrombin and antithrombin III (AT-III)Preventing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombinShortening the fibrin strands to retract the blood clotDegrading the fibrin within blood clotsQuestion 49. Question : The coronary ostia are located in the:Left ventricleAortic valveCoronary sinusAortaQuestion 50. Question : Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the:Vagus nerveSympathetic nervous systemSomatic nervous systemParasympathetic nervous systemQuestion 51. Question : Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form new muscle while appearing highly disorganized?DysplasiaHyperplasiaMyoplasiaAnaplasiaQuestion 52. Question : Which statement best describes a Schilling test?Administration of radioactive cobalamin and the measurement of its excretion in the urine to test for vitamin B12 deficiencyMeasurement of antigen-antibody immune complexes in the blood to test for hemolytic anemiaMeasurement of serum ferritin and total iron-binding capacity in the blood to test for iron deficiency anemiaAdministration of folate and measurement in 2 hours of its level in a blood sample to test for folic acid deficiency anemia.Question 53. Question : What is the major concern regarding the treatment of gonococci infections?Development of antibiotic resistanceChanges in virulenceChanges in pathogenicityMutations into different strainsQuestion 54. Question : What is the action of urodilatin?Urodilatin causes vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles.It causes vasodilation of the efferent arterioles.Urodilatin inhibits antidiuretic hormone secretion.It inhibits salt and water reabsorption.Question 55. Question : How is most carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood transported?Attached to oxygenIn the form of bicarbonateCombined with albuminDissolved in the plasmaQuestion 56. Question : The most common site of metastasis for a patient diagnosed with prostate cancer is which location?BonesBrainBladderKidneyQuestion 57. Question : Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is associated with which type of hypersensitivity reaction?IIIIIIIVQuestion 58. Question : Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in childhood asthma?IgMIgGIgEIgAQuestion 59. Question : The Papanicolaou (Pap) test is used to screen for which cancer?OvarianUterineCervicalVaginalQuestion 60. Question : The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for premature infants when they are born between how many weeks of gestation?16 and 2020 and 2424 and 3030 and 36
