Question 1 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Which of the following is the most complete and accurate definition of psychology?The study of behavior and mental processesThe study of the mind of humans and other animalsThe study of mental health and illnessThe study of the human mindQuestion 2 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Empirical evidence is derived from careful observation, experimentation, and ______________.PsychologyMeasurementPsychobabbleCommon senseQuestion 3 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Graphology or handwriting analysis, uses precise measurements in order to determine personality characteristics from a sample of one’s handwriting. However, there is little empirical evidence to suggest that graphology is accurate in determining one’s personality from a handwriting sample. Graphology is an example of ______________.Fortune-tellingCommon sensePseudoscienceNumerologyQuestion 4 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Mark has a strong desire to quit smoking. A psychologist from the biological perspective would most likely try to help by _____________.Delivering a shock to Mark’s wrist juts as he inhalesProbing Mark’s unconscious desire to smoke and his need for oral fulfillment.Finding a drug that helps Mark’s craving for nicotineEmphasizing that smoking is a decision and that Mark has the cognitive control to quit.Question 5 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)The _________________ perspective emphasizes what goes on in people’s heads, including mental process, such as perception, memory, language, or problem solving.BiologicalLearningCognitiveSocioculturalQuestion 6 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Several middle-school girls were watching their classmates, Jon and Jason, engage in a rough-and-tumble wrestling match. The attention of the girls seemed to intensity the boys’ play. A psychologist trained in the psychoanalytic perspective would most likely wonder, _______________.What are the basic emotional reactions evoked by the presence of the girlsDo these boys have smaller head bumps devoted to ‘cautiousness’ than most boysWhat is the purpose of rough-and-tumble play in the adaptive changes of early adolescenceDid these boys have early childhood traumas that unconsciously cause aggressive behavior.Question 7 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)7. Making a generalization based on a personal experience or a few examples is referred to as ______________.Argument by anecdoteExamination of evidencePrinciple of falsifiabilityAnalysis of assumptionsQuestion 8 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Procedures used to measure and evaluate personality traits, emotional states, aptitudes, and values are called ____________.Laboratory observationsControl conditionsPsychological testsField researchQuestion 9 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)A psychological tests is said to be valid if it ________________.Measures what it is designed to measureCompares results against established standards of performanceProduces the same results from one time to the nextAllows test-takers to fully demonstrate the extent of their abilitiesQuestion 10 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)When two variables are not related, the correlation coefficient will be close to ___________.0-1+1+10Question 11 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)A researcher plans to investigate whether a cup of hot milk at night helps people relax so that they fall asleep quickly. In this study, _____________.The independent variable is the amount of time it takes the person to fall asleepThe independent variable is the lab in which the research is conducted.The independent variable is the hot milk at bedtimeThe independent variable is the hypothesis of the study.Question 12 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)An inactive substance or fake treatment that is used as a control in an experiment is called a(n)____________.Dependent variableExperimental groupPlaceboControl conditionQuestion 13 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)A(n) ________________ is a characteristic of an individual describing a habitual way of behaving, thinking, or feeling.PersonalityTraitDefense mechanismArchetypeQuestion 14 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Jesse becomes furious when her favorite hockey player is intentionally hurt by an opponent. According to Freud’s model of the mind, her “id” would unconsciously tell her, ____________.“Thou shalt not kill.”“I’m going to tear this program in half!”What, me angry? I could never get angry.”“I’m so angry I could kill that player!”Question 15 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)One of the most influential trait theorists was ____________ who recognized that not all traits have equal weight and significance in people’s lives.Abraham MaslowJohn B. WatsonGordon AllportKaren HorneyQuestion 16 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Rachel is talkative, sociable, and adventurous. She loves to be the center of attention. Which of the ‘Big Five’ personality traits pertains to Rachel’s characteristic behavior?Agreeableness v. antagonismOpenness to experience v. resistanceExtraversion v. introversionNeuroticism v. emotional stabilityQuestion 17 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)______________ is a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group.Reciprocal determinismHeritabilityFactor analysisCongruenceQuestion 18 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)In behavioral-genetic research, __________________ includes the family background in which you grew up and the experiences you shared with your siblings and parents.Surface structureNonshared environmentShared environmentDeep structureQuestion 19 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)According to Maslow, the most important aspects of personality are the ____________________.Big Five personality traitsInstincts and repressed conflicts of a personQualities of the self-actualized personReinforcers and punishers in a person’s learning history.Question 20 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)According to Carl Rogers, ______________ is love and support given to another with no strings attached.The condition of worthUnconditional positive regardExistentialismSelf-actualizationQuestion 21 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)After implantation of the zygote is completed, the ____________ stage of prenatal development begins.EmbryonicStructuralGerminalFetalQuestion 22 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Which of the following outcomes is associated with maternal exposure to lead during pregnancy?Defects in the eye, ear, and heartAttention problems and lower IQIncreased likelihood of prematurity and low birth weightMental retardation, blindness, and other physical disordersQuestion 23 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Researchers have found that “baby talk” by parents _________________.Helps babies learn the melody and rhythm of their native languageHolds children back from learning real language fasterPromotes telegraphic speech, especially if it is overusedTeaches children the correct grammar of their native languageQuestion 24 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Noam Chomsky viewed language acquisition in children as the result of _______________.An innate mental module that allows young children to develop languageReinforcement by adults of correct language productionUtilitarian learning in which children learn that correct language produces desirable resultsClassical conditioning of innate utterances produced by infants and young children.Question 25 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)In Jean Piaget’s theory, the process of absorbing new information into existing mental categories is called __________________.AssimilationAccommodationConservationEgocentrismQuestion 26 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Layla understands that “Daddy” is her father but does not understand that she is Daddy’s daughter. Piaget would suggest that Layla is in the ___________ stage.PreoperationalFormal operationsSensorimotorConcrete operationsQuestion 27 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)All of the following would be considered “gender differences” EXCEPT the difference between men and women in regard to ______________.Sexual attitudesDoing laundryReading romance novelsColor blindnessQuestion 28 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Learning theorists believe that gender socialization begins _______________.At the moment of a child’s birthWhen the child comprehends speechWhen children label themselves boys or girlsWhen children have developed a secure gender identityQuestion 29 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Comparisons of hormone production in boys and girls show that ______________.Before puberty, boys have higher levels of estrogen than girls doFrom puberty on, boys and girls produce the same amounts of androgens and estrogensBefore puberty, girls have higher levels of estrogen than do boysFrom puberty on, boys produce more androgens and girls produce more estrogens.Question 30 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Adolescent girls who are lonely, depressed, worried, or angry are more likely than boys to express these concerns by _______________.Engaging in rule-breaking and risk-taking behaviorsInternalizing their feelingsBecoming aggressive and acting out sexuallyAttempting suicideQuestion 31 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)During Erikson’s stage of _____________, a person is acquiring new physical and mental skills, setting goals, and enjoying newfound talents, but must learn to control impulses.Initiative versus guiltGenerativity versus stagnationAutonomy versus shame and doubtEgo integrity versus despairQuestion 32 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)As people move into old age, the speed of cognitive processing ______________.Slows significantlyIncreases for those who take vitaminsSlows rapidlyDoes not change at allQuestion 33 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Which of the following is NOT one of the child-rearing practices suggested by child development research?Set high expectations that are appropriate to the child’s ageAllow children to express their disagreements about rulesEncourage empathy by showing how fighting hurts and disrupts othersAlways punish behavior that violates family rulesQuestion 34 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)The spinal cord is actually an extension of the _______________.Body’s visceral organsSkeletal nervous systemBrainSensory nervesQuestion 35 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Which is one function of the myelin sheath?To form cranial nervesTo speed up neural transmissionTo create interference among neural signalsTo release neurotransmittersQuestion 36 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Which hormones are involved in emotion and stress?EstrogenMelatoninAdrenal hormonesProgesteroneQuestion 37 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)The outer part of each adrenal gland produces _____________, which increases blood-sugar levels and boosts energy.EstrogenAndrogenCortisolMelatoninQuestion 38 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Which structure of the brain is called the ‘gateway to memory?’AmygdalaHippocampusCerebellumThalamusQuestion 39 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)______________ area is responsible for language comprehension and is located in the left ________ lobe.Broca’s; temporalWernicke’s; temporalBroca’s; frontalWernicke’s; frontalQuestion 40 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)According to the text, what is the primary nervous system stimulus that informs the biological clock?VisualTasteSmellBalanceQuestion 41 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Emilio is currently in Stage 2 sleep. This means his EEG is showing ________ waves.only deltaoccasional deltarapid, high peakingsmall, irregular brainQuestion 42 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Depressants exert their influence on the brain by _____________.Slowing down activity in the central nervous systemMimicking the action of endorphins, producing a feeling of euphoriaDisrupting normal thought and perceptual processesSpeeding up activity in the central nervous systemQuestion 43 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Which of the following drugs is a psychedelic?LSDAlcoholAmphetaminesHeroinQuestion 44 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)At the orientation for first-year students, April felt overwhelmed by the number of people, the multiple conversations and the forms that needed to be completed. April is experiencing ____________.Sensory overloadNotable differencesSensory adaptationSensory deprivationQuestion 45 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Which of the following is a Gestalt principle?BrightnessSaturationProximityAcuityQuestion 46 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)The thing that makes a middle-C note on a flute sound very different from a middle-C note on a clarinet is ____________.FrequencyLoudnessTimbrePitchQuestion 47 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)What two senses keep us informed about the movement of our own body?Homeostasis and balanceEquilibrium and homeostasisEquilibrium and KinesthesisKinesthesis and homeostasisQuestion 48 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)When Mitch was learning to drive, he couldn’t imagine how he could ever remember to steer the wheel, flip on the turn signal, put on the gas, and still manage to turn the car! Now that he has been driving for three years, Mitch’s reactions have become automatic. Now when he drives a car ____________________________.Nonconscious processes are involvedSubconscious processes are involvedConvergent thinking is involvedDivergent thinking is involvedQuestion 49 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Bunny is surprised to hear her little brother say, “Hello!” because she had intended to call her best friend. Her error in dialing the wrong number can be attributed to ______________.Implicit learningHindsight biasMental setMindlessnessQuestion 50 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)Deductive reasoning involves _____________________.Comparing and evaluating opposing points of view in order to resolve differencesDrawing conclusions from a set of observations or premisesGeneralizing from past experience
